3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay Example For Students

3 Non Traditional Religions Voodoo, Spiritualism, Essay CultsReligion is essential specialist of social control in our general public. Because of its publicly held convictions and standards, we have an establishment on which we can rest the laws, values, and the fundamental convention, of practically any general public. Here in America, we have huge opportunity in both building up and in picking our preferred religion. This opportunity has brought forth numerous non-conventional religions and practices. While talking about the subject of social control and request inside a general public, these non-conventional religions can be utilized unequivocally to realize social change inside an individual then into the populace. On the ascent in our country, is the rise of voodoo rehearses, the confidence in mysticism, and numerous gatherings of religions. Every last one of these religions has the outrageous capacity to impact the person in numerous mental and physical manners, definitely changing a people standards of conduct. While actuating thes e progressions upon the individual, numerous individuals can and generally will, capitulate unequivocal abuse of themselves just as their financial assets. Voodoo, whose name got from the African word for soul (Origins of Voodoo), came to us through the European colonization of the West Indies. African clans were coercively transported abroad, basically to Haiti and other Caribbean lands, to be utilized as horticultural slaves. Upon the appearance in their new nation, the slaves were purified through water into the Roman Catholic Church. In dread of revolt, the pioneers isolated the numerous clans of slaves and had them scattered the whole way across the new land. This outcome was a blend of African slaves, compelled to live respectively, normally adjusting to every others ways of life, propensities, and convictions frameworks. The slaves had to go to a Catholic Mass all the time, be that as it may, a large number of the absorbed clans kept on rehearsing their local religion. At the point when the pilgrims discovered this out, the oppression of numerous African slaves occurred. They were viciously beaten and slaughtered for loving their own divine beings, and not the one of the Catholic religion. It was through this oppression that the clans didn't separate; rather, they met up and framed along with the basic obligation of their religion. The strict convictions and the customs from a considerable lot of the clans started it coordinate, eventually making another religion: Voodoo. Voodoo depends on the sign of the soul world through the channel of the individual. This is accomplished through the demonstrations of customs in exceptionally organized Voodoo functions, which are preformed by a Voodoo Priest. A male cleric is alluded to as a Houngan, and a female is alluded to as a Mambo. There are two sorts of Voodoo or enchantment, utilized in Voodoo, White Magic, and Black Magic. White Magic includes the utilization of candles, oils, plants, and mixtures, to acquire certain things throughout everyday life. For instance, one may join in or play out a White Magic function to get influence, love, or cash. This custom or function is utilized in a positive way just, it causes no mischief, nor does it represent any danger upon the individual or on others. Dark Magic or Red Voodoo, then again, includes shrewd and destructive acts. Dark enchantment is preformed by a Bokor, which is one who utilizes underhanded demonstrations of divination, including passing and zombie curses. A zombie revile includes a custom where the Bokor harms his human subject, bringing about death. Following three days, the dead is restored and turns into the Bokors everlasting slave (Haitian Voodoo Culture). The supporters of the Voodoo religion put stock in one Supreme Being, named Bondye. Under Bo ndye, there are many minor divine beings and Loas. A Loas alludes to the soul of somebody who has driven an outstanding life. The Loas practice authority over nature, wellbeing, riches, bliss, and all flourishing of humans. The human adherents and the Laos practice a reliance based relationship with each other. The Loas give success, and the people give food, and other material items to the Laos as a contribution. The raised areas that are each committed to one explicit Loa are incorporated with candles, photos of the Loa, and whatever else alluding to the Loa. A prime case of a Loa is one named Zaka. Zaka is the god or soul of agribusiness; he gives flourishing over the yields of some random land. One should reach this Loa to guarantee plenitude in the years crop. Through the custom and the special stepped area, one may introduce a contribution of seeds, natural product, or a scoop. Consequently, the Loa will give wellbeing, fortune, and insurance of malevolence spirits over his de votees. In the teaching of Voodoo, the human spirit is comprised of two sections: the Gros-bon-ange and the Ti-bon-age. The Ti-bon-age is the piece of the spirit that leaves the body during rest and the part that can likewise be controlled by a Loa in a function. The Gros-bon-ange is the piece of the spirit, which upon death, rejoins with the sprit world and can be reused. It a typical confidence in Voodoo, that the spirit can be taken over by underhanded spirits when it is liberated from the body. It is through the demonstration of customs in functions that a voodoo cleric can reach the otherworldly world. A Voodoo function happens in a sanctuary called a Honfor. At the focal point of Honfor is a soul shaft called a Poto-Mitan. The Poto-Mitan speaks to the focal point of the universe and it is through this shaft, people can associate with the soul world. A voodoo service has a few key components that make it conceivable to associate with the soul world. A general voodoo service would be car ried on as follows:A dining experience would be held before the principle function. This dining experience may incorporate the sharing of food, and additionally liquor. The function will them start with the presentation of the Veve standards or banners. A Hounsis (A Voodoo priestess), will bring these banners out and wave them around to aid the calling of Loa. The banners are made by the Houngan and are made out of silk or glossy silk material. They are embellished with sequins, dabs, and seed pearls. In the mean time, out of sight there is a consistent cadence of drumbeats. The music and moving assume a significant job in the service. It is through the music that one can be placed into a stupor like state and become controlled by the Loa. Inside the function, there are generally three specific drums utilized. Inside the service, their are commonly three drum utilized. The Manman, which is the biggest of the three, it is around three feet tall, and is pounding standing utilizing a l ittle wooden sledge in one hand and the other exposed hand. The Segond drum, which is around two feet tall, is played by a situated drummer holding the drum between the legs. The drum is pounded utilizing two hands. The littlest drum is named bula. It is beaten utilizing two long dainty sticks. Moving is performed by the Houngan and Hounsis. The Houngan centers the move around the soul shaft. It is through the moving of the Houngan that power develops bringing about the Hounsis getting controlled by a loa. The Houngan additionally utilizes the guide of an Asson. An Asson is sacrosanct clatter developed out of a gourd that is enhanced with coral and snake bones. The Houngan will likewise make a Veve, which is a sand painting. The Veve is built on the floor of the Hounfor and is made around the soul shaft. The Veve is made out of flour or cornmeal and is devoted to the Loa in which the service is being carried on. A Voodoo service may incorporate a creature penance. The Houngan may fo rfeit a goat, sheep, pig, or chicken to fulfill the appetite of their Loa. The throat of the creature is cut, and the blood is gathered in an extraordinary stately cup, the Hounsis, or individual have, will at that point drink the blood. This is accepted to fulfill the yearning of the Loa. (Vodun (Voodoo))Haiti still remains the predominant nation wherein Voodoo is rehearsed in. Voodoo had the option to unite numerous individuals in a period of distress and mistreatment. Consistently, numerous individuals have languished over their convictions in the Voodoo religion. Voodoo despite everything remains steadfast in numerous societies and is a prevailing power in numerous people groups lives. Voodoo envelops the entire family and grasps the impact of predecessors in ones individual life. Voodoo isn't just a religion, however a lifestyle. The utilization of unrestrained and visionary conventional functions is utilized in numerous non-customary religions to show the domain of the otherwo rldly world, directly here the characteristic. As observed, Voodoo has its own particular methods of speaking with the profound domain. Numerous different religions additionally utilize otherworldly things or objects of nature, as methods for rising above into the profound domain; which carries us to the following subject of mysticism. The Prevalent Issues of Surrogate Parenting EssayOut of the a great many individuals who succumb to the influence of the religion lifestyle, not very many departure this way of life. The individuals who do are uncovered with long tern mental impacts, making numerous issues for the person, as they attempt to straighten out to typical consistently life. As often as possible, religion survivors at first experience the ill effects of sorrow. The reality of done having a place with a tip top gathering, or not having a feeling of direction inside themselves, makes the people fall into enormous burdensome states. The individuals who have been associated with the religion for at some point will likewise experience the ill effects of depression, as they have left their previous wellspring of family and fellowship. Hesitation is additionally a significant side effect; ordinary choices become exceptionally confounded for this individual since everything had been recently chosen for them (what t o wear, what to eat, and so forth.). Furthermore, dread of their previous religion rules inside them. At the very idea of disloyalty and the constrained impacts on the off chance that it, leaves the person with a basic feeling of dread and weakness. Enduring individuals are strongly prescribed to get a type of mental advising following leaving the religion. The individuals who do get directing have a snappier and a more prominent achievement in converging back

Is Human Security Better Than State Centric Security?

Is Human Security Better Than State Centric Security? Alongside the finish of the Cold War, the spread of globalization, and the quick turn of events, the world is confronting new difficulties and dangers jeopardizing states just as individuals everywhere throughout the world. Those new issues require compelling balances. Two methodologies can be recognized, which are especially important in a setting of worldwide security, Human Security, and state-driven methodologies, for example, authenticity, neo-authenticity, or Strategic Studies. They vary not just in view of the subject of their center, and subsequently the way of assurance, yet in addition since meaning of security they draw and strategies for accomplishment of that security. New dangers imperil individuals all around, in this way Human Security, which is centered around the giving the security of individuals, not states in the main line, appears to offer better method of managing these non-conventional issues. Be that as it may, is the Human Security adequate? The two methodol ogies, similar to some other speculations, contain positive and negative viewpoints. So as to appraise which of these two methodologies offer a superior method of managing non-conventional new worldwide security issues, first the meaning of security will be clarified, in setting of the two speculations, to survey an effect of assorted originations of security on the determining dangers and techniques for managing them. Next, and there will be surveyed a significance of non-conventional new worldwide security issues, in the extent of states and human security, and dangers and troubles related with them will be explained too. Moreover, the two originations will be described, including assessment of way they offer to challenge the new dangers, and to give security, furthermore adequacy of their models will be evaluated. At long last, two recognitions will be looked at, accentuating the most impacting issues among them, and all contentions will be assembled and summed up in completion p roclamation. Differing measurement of security Essential issue, while talking about the diverse impression of the worldwide security issues, has all the earmarks of being comprehension of the security idea. Acknowledgment of dangers and strategies we use to challenge them rely upon the manner in which we characterize security. We can recognize two potential objects of security, states and individuals. The previous origination is carefully connected with authenticity, which favor insurance of state as the most elevated power, as indicated by King and The customary perspective on security has concentrated on utilizing the military to guarantee the regional trustworthiness of sovereign states. [1] Realists contend that the fundamental objective of states is confirmation of their endurance, paying little mind to residents prosperity. Military potential is as indicated by authenticity an underwriter of states presence, and thus, in this manner pragmatists guarantee that the best strategy to get the most elevated level of security is amplification of states one-sided military capabilities. [2] However, there is likewise opposite side of this thought, in light of the fact that such states battle to the augmentation of military influence and worldwide authoritative situation, as Richard Ullman contends over the long haul can just expand a worldwide insecurity,â [3]â therefore pr agmatist meaning of security appears to have positive just as negative viewpoints. Such model from one viewpoint offers an approach to secure states, however then again put it at serious risk. The last idea, Human Security hypothesis, draws a view that the people are of essential significance. Therefore they turn their consideration towards the universal as opposed to national security. In this manner, on account of its more extensive and progressively worldwide character, it builds up various dangers, military, yet in addition ecological, social, and monetary, proposing various techniques for security. In any case, there is likewise another intriguing viewpoint, despite the fact that individuals know about the various types of dangers and their significant effect on their lives they esteem protection from viciousness more than from some other dangers. The result of the enquiry directed in 2005 in Afghanistan legitimizes that reality. In like manner, 37% of addressed said that viciousness is the greatest risk confronting their nation, while 29% continued that they are monetary issues, for example, destitution or unemployment. [4] Subsequently, individuals value their p hysical wellbeing in excess of a decent state of a nation, and accept that infringement of human rights is the significant danger bringing about numerous others challenges. To summarize, the basic viewpoint in counter estimating of a specific danger is first its acknowledgment, on the grounds that so as to manage something we should know that it is a danger to our security. The viability is dictated by the degree that specific danger imperils our security. Here emerges the inquiry, how those unmistakable view of danger and security influence disposition of the two ways to deal with non-conventional dangers? Non-customary new worldwide security issues We can't choose of the prevalence of one hypothesis over another without clarifying kinds and importance of non-conventional security issues. New dangers are of differing nature, for instance ecological dangers, spreading of illnesses, cutting populace, destitution, intercontinental wrongdoing, dangers related with new innovation, or demonstrations of fear mongering, and thus there are so difficult to be tested. What makes them considerably increasingly hazardous is their interconnectedness, typically one issue is associated with another or even causes another issues. They, hence, need aggregate reaction, which clearly in rebel model of self-intrigued states made by pragmatists is hard to acquire. Non-customary dangers frequently cause the same number of damages as generally characterized threats, for example, war. This supposition that is outlined by the accompanying model: AIDS is an immediate danger to human security since it executes an expected 3,000,000 individuals each year. [5] Health issues concern not just creating nations, as it is for the most part accepted. Stefan Elbe asserts that due to the quantity of military activities everywhere throughout the world, and profoundly created visitor industry, the ailments spread extremely quick everywhere throughout the world. Besides, there are likewise monetary results, need of substitution of contaminated positioned officers approaches extra expenses, and in like manner those warriors make a hazard for the number of inhabitants in their national states. Such circumstance occurred in Sierra Leone, during peacekeeping activity number of individuals contaminated by HIV/AIDS expanded in that region.â [6]â Another important issue is ecological danger. Thomas Homer-Dixon contends that natural shortcomings are as of now adding to savage clashes in numerous pieces of the world. [7] There is severe connection among's water and land abuse and ethnic and national clashes. Shortage of assets coming about because of crushing ecological events, for example, an Earth-wide temperature boost, corrosive downpours, or deforestation, in result obliges individuals to relocation, battling for different wellsprings of assets, or exacerbates states financial and social circumstance. Some of non-conventional dangers are of more noteworthy military setting, for example, psychological oppression, arm exchange, or militarization of youngsters, other are less, for example, neediness, wellbeing frailty, or infringement of human rights. What is sure, be that as it may, these dangers are of the huge significance regarding worldwide security, both of individuals and states. In any case, troubles in going up against those non-customary dangers get from interrelation and worldwide element of those issues. Non-conventional dangers can quick, whenever disregarded, changed into customary ones. Which of the given methodologies at that point offer a superior method of managing new dangers to worldwide security? State-driven security approaches in a period of new dangers In the first place, there will be examined the instance of state-driven methodologies, which at the principal sight penance next to no regard for non-conventional dangers. As per fundamental hypothesis in that scope, authenticity, significant on-screen character on the political field is a state, and it is an express that ought to be ensured and made sure about. Thusly, the essential, if not just, risk for state is military attack of other state; in this manner the main region of state-driven contemplations is war and harmony. Correspondingly to that origination, the main supplier of security is state, and as long as the outside security of state is accomplished, the state is in steady and safe position. As needs be, shielding the state from military dangers has the impact of ensuring its people,â [8]â what shows that state-driven methodologies don't totally disregard the security of individuals, in spite of the fact that they accept that wellbeing must be accomplished through mili tary activities. Authenticity and other state-driven methodologies offer some valuable ways however with managing non-conventional dangers, despite the fact that some contend that they don't perceive local frailty as a threat. [9] Realism centers around the national security. War, as Amitav Acharya contends, much of the time jeopardizes individuals by causing physical viciousness, yet in addition sabotages inside circumstance of the state, triggers lack of healthy sustenance, movement of exiles, boosts the likelihood of pandemic, and contrarily influences monetary and modern advancement of a certain state,â [10]â to name just hardly any dangerous highlights of military clashes. Therefore, forestalling wars subsequently gives, somewhat, protection from non-conventional dangers which would result from a military clash. In addition, considering national security as an essential worth influences the earnestness in consideration any dangers that some way or another put that national security in dang er. By the by, few out of every odd emerging issue may be settled militarily. Besides, state-driven methodologies clearly overlook a great deal of genuine parts of worldwide security, we may even say that they are very monothematic in a setting of security. One of t

The Apple Way of Doing Business

The Apple Way of Doing Business If we are to list the most successful businesses in the world, it will come as no surprise when Apple Inc. makes its way towards the top of the list. It is easily one of the biggest and most recognizable names in the world when it comes to consumer electronics and technology products. A trailblazer and pioneer in the field of technology, Apple sure knows how to do business, and that is what we will try to look into in the succeeding discussion. © Shutterstock.com | pio3In this article, youll learn about 1) Apples product development process, 2) Apples marketing practices, and 3) Apples customer experience philosophy.APPLE’S PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSWe cannot talk about Apple’s business practice without getting into its product development process. After all, Apple is in the business of developing consumer electronics products, most of which have become icons and largely responsible for the succeeding trends in the field. To this day, more and more companies are cropping up, trying to come up with products that are loosely based on, or inspired by, Apple products, with the intention of competing with Apple.Over the years, since Steve Jobs founded Apple and started churning out those Apple products, the company’s product development process has been under much speculation. It’s not that the people inside Apple were being tight-lipped or keeping everything under wraps. They just weren’t the type to discuss the pro cess at great length when they could just spend the time in the product development room, if there is even such a thing. © Flickr | Brian SolisFortunately, several publications centered on Apple and its business philosophy have been released, one of which is Adam Lashinsky’s “Inside Apple: How America’s Most Admired â€" and Secretive Company Really Works”. Through these pieces, we are able to get more than a fleeting glimpse of what it is like inside Apple.In the book, Apple’s product development process was talked about, and it can be summed up in eight stages.1. DesignIt all starts with design. Apple products have already established a reputation for having impeccable design hinged on simplicity, functionality, and a distinct look. This is mostly attributable to the inventive and innovative minds of the members of the design team.The Industrial Design machine of Apple is where the brilliant ideas come from, and a great factor of its success is how it is kept cohesive and disciplined by a department head. This is exactly how Steve Jobs started it. He had the vision, and he steered the desig n team towards achieving that vision, keeping them focused and on a straight trajectory towards their design goal.Being kept separate from other divisions or departments of the business also greatly helped. This way, the design team was pretty much left to let their creative juices flow, without having to mind other issues such as finance, costs, and the technicals. They would not even have to worry about whether the design can actually be made when placed into production; that is going to be the problem of the engineers and the folks over at manufacturing. Costs? They don’t have to worry about that, either, because there are other people who will.Keeping the design team to a small number of people is also part of the strategy. One would think that they would have more people involved in the design process; but one downside of that is having too many ideas that could derail the direction that the design team planned to take from the start.Having a small number of people involved i n the design process also aids in keeping details about a new product shrouded in secrecy, something that Apple is known for.2. Start-up creationThe secrecy continues. Once a new product has been designed, a team that is solely devoted on the development of that product will be formed. It is essentially building a start-up within the company. They will devote all their time and resources on the project or product, and they will be directly reporting to the big bosses. This cuts through the usual communication or bureaucracy involved, and they will be answerable to no one else but the executive management team.What Apple does is to assign specific rooms or even entire sections within the Apple compound where the start-up will be doing their work, safe and free from outside intrusions and other disturbances. In other circumstances, the members of the team may even be explicitly prohibited from communicating with others â€" even within the company â€" with regards to the product they a re currently working on.3. ANPP ImplementationThis is where the ANPP â€" the Apple New Product Process â€" comes in.Since Apple started making the Macintosh, the company has always made it a point to have a well-documented roadmap or guide for the members of the team to follow. This was the ANPP. It is essentially a document that contains, in great detail, all the steps and phases of the development of the product. It covers everything about the development process, from the specific tasks that must be performed, the specific persons who will work on them, how long each task is expected to be completed, and the chronology or order of accomplishment of said tasks to facilitate the completion of the product.4. Product ReviewWhile it is true that the team works towards achieving a vision or a goal for a product, this does not mean that the process is fixed and has no room for changes or flexibility. Just like in other businesses, Apple also conducts periodic reviews for the products th at are in process. In the case of Apple, these product reviews are conducted every Monday. It is a good way to track the progress of the product development team and also take note of issues or serious problems that have been encountered by the team in the process.This is probably going to take a toll on a company that has a lot of products in the pipeline at any given time. Fortunately, Apple does not have too much of a problem with that, since it makes sure to have only a few products-in-progress, so things are kept on a more manageable level.5. Production properFinally, the design will be made more concrete as the production process begins. There are two key personnel involved in this stage: the engineers and the supply personnel. You have someone in charge of the product process, who will manage the engineering aspect. He will be working with the supply manager, who is responsible for sourcing the raw materials needed in the production process.6. Testing, tweaking, rebuildingJus t because a product has undergone the production process does not mean that it is outright completed. There is still a need to test it, so adjustments can be made and, if needed, the product will be rebuilt. Steve Jobs perfectionist attitude was apparent in how Apple tirelessly builds, tests and rebuilds its products, until such time that it is 100% confident in its quality and performance, and gives it the green-light to be introduced to the market.In the past, we have seen many designs of the iPhone being leaked prior to their release, only for the final product to be markedly different from the leaked versions. This is because the leaks were often the initial versions, and the final version â€" the one finally released into the market â€" has undergone various redesigns and rebuilding, after a series of testing has been performed.Many business are satisfied with testing only once or twice, then releasing it to the market, even if they still have issues about some aspects of the p roduct. This is because testing and rebuilding takes a lot of time, not to mention money. Apple does not let the cost affect its decision, however, preferring to test and rebuild as many times as possible until they get it right, and they come up with a product that they are fully satisfied with.7. PackagingFirst impressions last, and customers are initially attracted by the packaging. This is why Apple devotes a lot of attention and resources to the packaging aspect. It’s not just about having a box with the name and company logo printed on it. The packaging also takes into account the experience of the customers when unboxing the device packaging.8. Finally, the LaunchApple has the Rules of the Road, which is basically a product launch action plan. It details all the key points of the product development process, breaking them down into the nitty-gritty. This document is so top-secret and highly-valued, and Apple takes it seriously when working towards the launch of the new prod uct.APPLE’S MARKETING PRACTICESElaborate ad campaigns. Complex websites and sales copies. Engagement of print, broadcast and online media. Press releases. Name it, Apple’s done it. These are the usual marketing tactics and strategies often employed by businesses, and Apple also uses them.But Apple does it slightly differently. One of Apple’s identifying marks when it comes to design is simplicity, and it also carried that principle in its marketing.Simplicity in MarketingTo be more specific, Apple applies “decision-making simplicity” in its marketing strategy. This actually makes sense, considering how the consumer market is flooded by tons of ads and marketing messages. If they stick to the usual routes, there is a possibility of their marketing to be ignored or gone unnoticed.Apple has veered away from complex marketing messages. In fact, if you notice how it crafts its ads, they are considerably cleaner and more straightforward. Billboard ads are just as simple, often o nly with an image of the product and its name, as if saying that the appearance and the name explains it all.They even rarely use actors, voice-overs or endorsers to present the product. In one ad, they even used only a white backdrop to drive home the one point about the Apple product being better than the competition. It’s clean, it’s simple, it’s straight to the point, and it gets the message across. Any other questions can be answered by reaching out to Apple’s separate information dissemination campaigns. Or, better yet, head to the nearest Apple store and experience for yourself how the new product works.Confidence in MarketingApple’s brand of marketing also shows its confidence in its products. They do not need to list down all the features of the product on the billboards, or enumerate them in their ads. They do not even have to crow about the fact that they â€" Apple, the giant company that starts with the letter “A” â€" is the one introducing a new product. T hey have already made themselves known before, and they are confident that just the logo, or even the appearance of the new product, will immediately gain their company instant recognition.Again, as mentioned earlier, popular names and celebrities are not engaged to officially endorse the Apple product. Sure, influencers are tapped to aid in the marketing, but the ads themselves do not use celebrity leverage.APPLE’S “CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE PHILOSOPHY”There is one keyword that will encapsulate the company’s ideals about customer experience: APPLE. This basically encompasses the five steps of service that is taken and implemented by every staff member of an Apple retail store.A â€" Approach customers politely and give them a warm and personalized welcomeThis is one of the fundamentals of retail and customer service. Welcome your customers the moment they enter your store and they will feel more inclined to browse over your products and actually spend money before leaving your sto re.Apple stressed on the welcome being “warm” and “personalized”. There is a difference between a store salesperson simply mouthing off “Welcome” from behind a desk and an Apple store clerk walking up to you the moment you walk through the door, with a ready smile and an eager expression on his or her face. It’s a small thing, but it makes a whole lot of difference to any customer looking for something worth buying.P â€" Probe politely in order to understand what the customer needsLetting the customer wander around the store is one thing; actually stepping up and asking them what they need or are looking for is another. There is a fine line between being nosy and probing politely, and the latter is what Apple tries its best to practice.P â€" Present a solution that the customer can take home todayCustomers are looking for immediate solutions, not something that they should come back to get on another day. They can easily tell when a store clerk knows what he or she is talking about, and whether they can get the solution they are looking for right now, or they should simply take their concerns â€" and money â€" elsewhere.L â€" Listen to the customer and resolve any concerns or issues he or she may haveOne of the things that customers like about going to any Apple store is because they can get a hands-on interaction with the product, playing with the latest iPhone, or going through the features of the latest version of the iPad, with a store clerk within an arm’s reach to answer any questions. This practice by Apple certainly makes it easier for its staff members to present their products better and to show or demonstrate solutions that are being sought by customers.E â€" End it with an equally warm and personalized farewell, and invite the customer to come backOne mistake often committed by salespersons is not seeing their customers off properly after they have made a sale. After all, they already closed a deal and made money, so what else is le ft?Just as warmly as you welcomed the customers, it is also important to say goodbye to them properly, along with an invitation that they should return to the store for more transactions in the future. Not only will you have satisfied customers, but also potential returning customers.You will notice that all 5 steps are already nothing new when it comes to providing customer service. However, many retail stores fail to perform them. Apple retail stores go to great lengths and make extra efforts to perform all 5 steps, and that is a large part of the reason why it has the loyal customer base that it has today.We can note two underlying principles in Apple’s Product Development Process â€" and its way of doing business as a whole. One is Quality above all else, and the other is Accountability.Apple refuses to cut corners just to keep costs down. So what if it will take time, or that it will require more financial outlay? It does not even matter that they have to get in more people t o work on a project or a product, as long as they get the results that they want. They also do not mind training their people â€" from the design team to the retail persons in the Apple stores all over the world â€" as long as they provide service that will contribute to the overall customer experience with Apple. In the same vein, emphasis is placed on responsibility and accountability, where all tasks are identified and clearly traceable to specific persons within the teams. This way, Apple employees will take their job more seriously, and make sure the company remains on track. Image credit: Flickr | Brian Solis under Attribution 2.0 Generic.

Emergency Planning For A Worst Case Scenario - 905 Words

Looking back at the past eight weeks’, disasters have continued to occur across the United States. There have been riots in Baltimore Maryland, wildfires throughout the state of California and most of the Western United States, and more recently flooding in south-central New Orleans. As first responders, like the rest of the world, we wake up in the morning put both feet on the floor, go through some morning routine and most often fail to realize that today’s the day a disaster will occur. It may not be the people we serve, or in the community in which we live, but the potential is always there. Emergency planning is a pivotal key in being prepared for a worst case scenario. Since Hurricane Katrina, the federal government, state and local officials have stepped up their game in disaster planning. The federal government has established numerous guidelines and protocols for such events. The National Response Framework (NRF) superseded by the National Response Plan (N RP), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and the Stafford Act are just a few of the government s key programs. Recognized nationally bringing resources across the nation together and on the same page (Kramer Ph.D., 2009, p. 18). Currently, the disastrous flooding in Louisiana is a result of more than 20 inches of rain in a weeks’ time (Grinberg, Yan, Flores, 2016, para. 6). A disaster of this size and magnitude is difficult to imagine anyone could be prepared for it, even if they were aware itShow MoreRelatedThe Theoretical Approach Of Planning For Emergencies And Disasters1289 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will briefly examine the theoretical approach to planning for emergencies and disasters with an overview of the use of Worst Case Scenario Philosophy and speak to the importance on why the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) can enhance individual organizations and the community to more efficiently and effectively mitigate an emergency and disaster. It is a mutually shared understanding that that we as a nation, an industry and the community need to be better prepared to lessen theRead MoreHuman Collective Community And Organizational Actions1271 Words   |  6 PagesStates Army Field Gr ade Officer Without planned and tested organizational and community control of emergency response mitigation, efforts can be like herding cats. Our collective community and organizational actions for response to both disasters and emergencies regardless of scope need effective and effective management. The execution of imagination using the worst imaginable scenario and walking through all of the points of failure will enable the team to plan and exercise actions for a wideRead MoreBp : The Spill Of The Gulf Of Mexico921 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishing emergency or disaster plans and policies to respond to a variety of disaster scenarios. Thus, suggesting that contingency planning is imperative for an organization in the long run in order to avoid massive instant loss since there stands a need, there exist benefits and the deficient in contingency planning may result in invaluable loss in case of a calamity. The UNHCR Handbook for emergencies (1996:5 chapter 4 , pg 36) defines contingency planning as: â€Å"A forward planning process, inRead MoreChemical Manufacturing Safety675 Words   |  3 Pagesfacility for managing its risks. Chemical hazard risk management can be divided into several major activities. This research will explore the major categories of risk management. The first major task is risk assessment. This is typically part of the planning and design process for the facility. Measures must be taken to identify and eliminate any possible sources of risk both inside the plant and outside. Risks inside the plant include potentially volatile reactions, products that have deadly fumes,Read Moreâ€Å"Worst Case Scenario† – the Nightmare858 Words   |  4 PagesUyanga N Chapter 3: Case Study 4: â€Å"Worst Case Scenario† – The Nightmare 1. Overview of the issue: Small acute care hospital CEO received call from night supervisor. The four-bed intensive care unit (ICU) was full and the supervisor asked the CEO if one of the ICU patient could be transferred elsewhere to receive car accidents victim from Emergency Department (ER). One of the ER patient’s injuries was so severe that she had to get into the ICU in less than two hours because only the ICURead MoreEmergency Pl Emergency Management Plan1330 Words   |  6 PagesLOA Project – Emergency Management Plan Purpose Statement When a crisis arises unexpectedly it places an organization in a precarious situation that jeopardizes the reputation of the company, the brands, key stakeholders as well as the employees. This has become even more critical in recent years as media outlets are no longer the only source of reporters, anyone with a cell phone equipped with a camera can report a developing crisis. For this reason, it is paramount that businesses in the modernRead MoreThe Disaster Scenarios And Test It Out1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reality is that not only are everyone potential victims of such scenarios, but they are also liable to the aftermath of the incident and its ripple effects. Acknowledging the possibility of experiencing a disaster is the first step towards effective recovery and responsiveness. The next step is to formulate a response system to various disaster scenarios and test it out. During the formulation of a plan, the disaster scenarios and objectives need to be agreed upon while concurrently managerialRead MoreEssay on The National Incident Management System1118 Words   |  5 Pagespreparedness that is proportionate to the levels of threat that may be experienced. Thus, the National Incident Management System developed standards operating procedures or codes to enhance the different areas of incident management, principles, planning, organization, training, logistics and actual practice that have been implemented nationwide as a requisite for obtaining preparedness budgets FEMA. The result was the formation of the Integrated Command System, Multi Agency Support Systems as wellRead MoreCommunity Hazard Assessment : Paso Del Norte1643 Words   |  7 Pages Community Hazard Assessment: Paso del Norte Trista R. Eckert FSC 147 Fall 2016 September 18, 2016 Community Hazard Assessment: Paso del Norte Emergency preparedness starts with addressing a community’s specifics needs and identifying its demographics and characteristics. After enough data has been collected and analyzed, developing partnerships, creating and implementing strategies, and evaluating outcomes comprise the process of the Community Hazard Assessment. The regionRead MoreNatural Disasters : Causes And Impacts Of Hurricane Katrina757 Words   |  4 Pagesbusinesses, and organization, leaving thousands dead, and millions homeless. Days before the tropical storm reached landfall, Governor Kathleen Blanco of Louisiana issued a letter to President. Bush informing him that there needs to be a state of emergency and the citizens of Louisiana needs to evacuate. Mayor Ray Nagin and his team including Director of Communication Sally Forman set up command center at the Hyatt Hotel where they began a crisis communication plan. They urged people to evacuate as

Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, Or Mixed Methods

Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies Paper Quantitative and qualitative research studies are both significant in nursing. In this paper, I will be critiquing two articles using both approaches. Using Walden’s database system, the articles will be located and compared to one another. After this assignment, I hope to gain a better understanding if critiquing research articles. Providing care for patients diagnosed with brain tumors is the topic I selected to research. Working on a Neuro unit, I come in contact with patients that is admitted with brain tumors routinely. The first article that I selected is called Symptoms, Coping, and Quality of Life in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors: A Qualitative†¦show more content†¦The limitation listed caused for those children to be excluded from the study. Some children had verbal disabilities as well. The strengths were that the researchers had an audit trial and had independent auditing of the qualita tive analysis. Credibility of the article was confirmed through, the design and research questions being consistent with the interpretive descriptive methodology. â€Å"The other nurse researcher conducted member checking with three participants by presenting and reviewing a summary of the findings to verify the accuracy of interpretation. Quantitative and qualitative findings were triangulated in this inquiry, optimizing representative credibility and enhancing substantive completeness† (Macartney et al., 2014, P.392). The conclusions drawn by the researcher are the survivors experience multiple symptoms and have many way of coping with the symptoms. Their symptoms has a negative impact on their daily lives. This research contributes to nursing because through understanding the children symptoms and ways that brain tumors affect their lives we can provide additional support to the patient and families. This article gives us as nursing additional information to turn to when providing care for patients with brain tumors. Yes. There are grounds for further research on brain tumors. The second article that I selected is called Stress and burnout syndrome in hospital nurses: a descriptive study.Show MoreRelatedMixed Methods Critique1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of mixed methods is currently increasing in social science research since it emphasizes methodological pluralism, and provides a broader and more credible understanding of the research problem than the use of a single method (Tashakkori and Teddlie 2010). However, mixing methods for no good reason other than the sake of it can produce disjointed and unfocussed research, and can severely test the capabilities of researchers. I raise some cautionary issues in this paper by critiquing the methodologyRead MoreNurses Perceptions Of Acute Care Placements1709 Words   |  7 Pagesreview: The objective of the review is to improve acute care experiences for student nurses and improve their future practice as a qualified nurse. As well as to identify any research gaps. 2. Methodology: Through the course of this chapter the method used to obtain the literature and the exclusion and inclusion criteria shall be discussed. An account of the selection process for the final papers will be given and it will indicate the critical appraisal tools to be used and the rationale for choosingRead MoreEssay on Reconciliation between Science and Religion865 Words   |  4 Pagesstart with a question. The next step after knowing the research question is to plan how to conduct the research to answer the question. Bryman (2012) explained that scientists have to form a suitable question that can be applied in quantitative as well as qualitative research. He also indicated research questions as guidance in literature search, data collection, data analysis, and discussion. In other words, research questions keep scientists emphasize their studies, so they do not go off in unnecessaryRead MoreElements Of Creating A Search Strategy829 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch reports as the knowle dge component of effective nursing practice and includes a title, abstract, introduction, theoretical framework, a specified research question, discussion, methods of data collection, analysis, results, conclusion and references. Whether the research method is qualitative or quantitative, the table of research elements have been completed for five relevant research articles that address individuals with multiple sclerosis and their modifiable lifestyle factors. FurthermoreRead MoreResearch Article Critique2605 Words   |  11 Pagesrelationships and their impact on nursing students’ belongingness and learning’ is clear accurate and concise. Parahoo (2006) refers to the title as having little importance on the reliability of the findings. The reader should spend little time critiquing the title, abstract or literature review. It is however, the methodology of the study that determines the quality of research and most attention should be focused on this. Abstract An abstract are defined as being an overview of a study allowsRead MoreCritical Appraisal Of A Research3370 Words   |  14 Pagesappropriate and useful approach as this method provides the researcher with a greater understanding of the topic and allows the researcher to gain clarity in defining the nature of the research problem (Manerika Manerika , 2014, p.95). It also helps Byrne define a problem statement for her future research. However, the nature of this approach is associated with significant limitations, which in Byrnes paper, were coupled with problems in the research title and method that affected the believability andRead MoreEvaluation Of The Intervention Program Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagescaregivers. A total of 407 family caregiver-patient dyad was randomized into CARE and attention categories. The CARE group was subjected to the test parameters whereas the attention group received unspecified information (Li et al., 2012). This was the method employed as per the abstract. The results yielded non-significant statistical variations on patient or family caregiver and called for an additional investigation on CARE workings and its effectiveness. The stated question seems unambiguous, it isRead MoreCritique on the Nursing Article Critical care patients’ experience of the helmet continuous positive airway pressure2101 Words   |  9 Pagespublished in the Journal of Nursing in Critical Care (JNCC). It will examine both the strengths and limitations of the study by weighing various elements of the research undertaken and its value and implication for nursing practice. It will use a critiquing tool by (Ryan, 2007) (see Appendix 1). Evidence based practice (EBP) is to offer the best care possible to individual patients and use professional judgement to determine nursing care in order to improve patient outcome and even save lives (MouleRead MoreEvaluation Of A Telephone Based Peer Support Intervention For Maternal Depression1436 Words   |  6 Pagestheir practice. The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise a research article titled, Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a Telephone-based Peer Support Intervention for Maternal Depression by Letourneau, N., et al. (2014) by evaluating and critiquing sections of the study. The objective of this paper is to determine if the study provided valid and reliable information that can be used to implement into nursing practice. Research Problem The research problem the researchers are purposingRead MoreLiterature Review On Childhood Trauma Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorder (PTSD) and depression, along with physical health issues and functionality with activities of daily living in older adulthood (Maschi et. al., 2013, p. 59). By understanding these effects, we can have an idea of how it occurred and what methods we can utilize for treatment options. Findings Findings of this review did show that direct exposure to traumatic experiences had higher risk of adverse effects to mental health than indirect exposure such as being a witness to violence (Maschi

American History Emerson and Whitman Free Essays

In a democracy Emerson wrote that man does not buy his rights and pay for his privileges. He has every right to speak up on an issue and does not need to pay the government to do so. Likewise he does not need to pay to cast his vote in an election. We will write a custom essay sample on American History: Emerson and Whitman or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a democracy man observes rules because doing so is the proper thing. He can not buy his way out to be exempted from obeying laws. The young will benefit from the fruits of democracy because the old shall have had their time. If the youth is able to use their God-given gift of â€Å"piquancy and charm† they would make the older generation â€Å"very unnecessary. † They would know how to take care of themselves and secure their future. Democracy for Whitman is where people are able to go about their daily lives without fear, â€Å"the machinist rolls up his sleeves, the policeman travels his beat, and the gatekeeper marks who pass. † Obviously, the people are the ones who enjoy the fruits of democracy as it allows them to pursue their business in the best and legal means without doing harm to others. According to Emerson it is easier to conform or to adapt to what the collective society stands for, but to be truly independent one must hold on to what he believes in despite overwhelming opposition. He has only his conscience to trust as to what is right and what is wrong. This attitude is what will spell the big difference â€Å"between greatness and meanness. † Whitman was more poetic in his take of independence. He said that it is when one has the â€Å"best of time and space, was never measured and will never be measured. † It meant that when a man is given the opportunity to do what he wanted, given the freedom to use it the way he thought fit is Whitman’s take on independence. Emerson believed that for man to be self-reliant he must first know himself, love his strengths and accept his weaknesses. While nature abounds with what can feed, clothe, and shelter man, he must tap and work on them by his own sweat or labor. Man is so endowed by God that there is nothing he can not do if he tries. Whitman likened self-reliance to travel. He showed a friend what there is to see in places near and far, and the road to take. The analogy could very well mean life in general. He can only be with the friend at some point but the rest will be up to the friend. He told his friend that â€Å"he must travel it for himself. † In life there are questions which answers â€Å"he must find out for yourself. † On cultural independence, Emerson challenged old traditions of the Church, to obey without question. He maintained that it was one’s conscience that he must listen to and not dead institutions and irrelevant societies. Whitman had a different approach with institutions, he was more for maintaining the status quo. Whitman wrote, â€Å"I accept reality and dare not question it, materialism first and last imbuing. † As for the spirit of social experimentation, Emerson opposed philanthropies of giving college grants, building half-way homes, alms-giving and organizing charities to the undeserving and regrets every cent and dollar doled out, despite the â€Å"obligation to put all poor men in good situations. † As for the issue of the slavery and the plight of the Blacks in Africa, Emerson said that â€Å"love afar is spite at home. He was for ensuring the welfare of one’s own before one can be so concerned with those of others. As for Whitman he welcomed, fed and cared for a runaway slave. He treated everyone equally, be they â€Å"the wicked or the righteous. † Emerson was among the American Transcendentalists and Romanticists from New England, who believed in the power of the mind which God had use to reveal the truth. He listened to the â€Å"voice of the mind. † Whitman was a Romantic writer especially with his association of the commonplace to Nature, like â€Å"the grass is itself a child, the produced babe of the vegetation. † Emerson approached Nature in the context of Man. He referred to â€Å"the nonchalance of boys as a healthy attitude of human nature,† and â€Å"pretty oracles nature yields us are the face and behavior of children, babes and brutes. † Whitman did not separate man, animals, the grass, the flowers, the fishes and the birds as he treats them all as Nature. He told of the activities of each without distinction of man and animal, bird or fish, flower or grass, â€Å"the wolverine sets traps, the young fellow drives the express wagon, the wild gander leads his pack. † Works Cited Emerson, R. W. â€Å"Self-Reliance. † Whitman, W. â€Å"Song of Myself. † How to cite American History: Emerson and Whitman, Papers

Nursing Leadership for Increase in Productivity -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNursing Leadership for Increase in Productivity. Answer: Patient safety in healthcare is of paramount importance in nursing practice in all kinds of healthcare settings. Leadership in nursing is important because the leader sets targets for the nursing staff and guides them on how to take specific steps to achieve the goal of delivering quality care and ensuring best possible outcomes for patients. The nursing leader has to collaborate and effectively communicate to the team the essential necessity to deliver care in a manner that ensures patient safety. The leadership style should motivate the staff to provide safe healthcare in all situations. Patient safety is defined as "the reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum". It is also defined as "prevention of any injuries and damages to patients during the care process" (Hemmat, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Mehrabi, Zayeri, 2015). The nurse manager plays an important role in keeping the nursing workforce focussed on improving the quality of patient care. In order to improve performance they may adopt one of the different styles of leadership. Three main styles of leadership have been analysed for their effectiveness in improving patient safety, in this paper, namely, the transformational style, the transactional style and the Laissez faire style of leadership. The impact of implementing each style on the patient safety outcomes has been discussed. Also discussed is the effect of the transformational style of leadership on the prevention of falls among patients. One of the leadership styles that a nurse leader can adopt to improve patient safety is the transformational style. Different leadership styles differ in their approach in how the leader motivates the nursing staff to provide the best possible care to the patients. Leadership styles vary based on the approach adopted by a nurse manager. The transformational style of leadership is associated with an increase in staff satisfaction, there is an increased commitment towards the organisation, staff scores better in well-being, there is reduced stress, thereby an increase in productivity and effective working are observed (Cope Murray, 2017). This kind of leadership fosters an environment where the subordinates become the collaborators and therefore, this style of nursing can be more effective in delivering healthcare where efforts are being made to improve patient safety. In a study at a hospital in Ethiopia, a study was carried out to determine the preferred style of leadership in a questionnaire that asked questions about whether they preferred the transactional style of leadership over the transformational style. The transformational style of leadership helps the subordinates by showing them what can be achieved. The transformational leadership tries to motivate and inspire, The nurses who participated in the study p referred the transformational style of leadership over the transactional style of leadership and derived greater job satisfaction (Negussie Demissie, 2013). In a similar study carried out at private hospitals at Jordan, the employees preferred the transformational style of leadership and reported better intrinsic job satisfaction (Mohammad, Al-Zeaud, Batayne, 2011). An improvement in the area of job satisfaction is a good precursor to ensuring patient safety. It has been found that transformational leadership leads to better patient outcomes and there is a reduction in the number of adverse events when this style of leadership is adopted (Wong Cummings, 2007). A motivated and inspired nursing workforce is more likely to strive for patient safety. The transactional approach to leadership can work in a structured system. The transactional style of leadership involves rewarding performance in tangible or intangible forms. Examples of reward could vary from financial reward to praise during a group meeting. The style incorporates active management that involves finding fault and pointing out mistakes of the subordinates. Often transactional leadership has a favourable impact on patient safety. The transactional approach is often driven by targets and there is a risk of under reporting of mistakes made during discharge of duties. This can be detrimental to patient safety. When mistakes are perceived as opportunities to learn rather than opportunities to punish there is greater chance that the staff will adhere to ethical practice. The Laissez faire style of leadership in nursing management the leader remains rather aloof from the group and intervenes only if there is a need. It is a passive style of management and the manager intervenes only if there is a problem. Very less supervision is exercised by the nurse managers who adopt this style. The nursing staff has to perform on their own, without any supervisory inputs. It is a good style if promotion of independent thinking is the goal, but it may lead to unwanted consequences, particularly with regard to important patient outcomes, such as patient safety. Many corrective decisions that may be required at important junctures are left to the staff. Improvement in quality happens only when lapses on the part of staff occur. Nursing managers who are new to their job or those who are awaiting a successor usually adopt this style(Bradley.edu, 2016). This style of leadership is known to promote the culture of blame since no one wants to take responsibility. When thi s impact is compared with that of the transformational style, the latter is much better when it comes to patient satisfaction, fewer medication errors and lower rate of hospital acquired infections are reported(Bradley.edu, 2016). In a study on the impact of leadership style on patient safety, it was inferred that the transformational style is more preferred than the Laissez faire style of leadership in nursing management (Merrill, 2015). This style of leadership is plagued by deficiencies in taking decisions and interventions are usually reactions to breach in patient safety. Fall prevention, particularly among the frail and the elderly patients is an important aspect of patient safety. In a study on organisation of workshops to reduce the number of falls among patients in order to improve the overall quality of patient safety and care, it was observed that since the transformational leadership style was adopted, the impact on reduction was positive. As a result of participation in the workshop, the nurses were motivated and inspired to reduce the number of falls and they took all preventive steps required for the prevention of falls and reduced incidence was reported. These workshops were given by the charge nurses using the transformational style of leadership (White, 2016). Since the roles of the subordinate nurses are clearly defined, they were motivated and inspired to improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse events, on measurement of the outcome it was found that fewer falls were reported. The success in reducing falls through the transformationa l style of leadership occur through the intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration and through inspirational motivation of staff. The transformational style of leadership fosters a work environment that gives nurses sufficient autonomy and accountability, support, resources and opportunities that they can employ to improve upon systems to reduce the incidence of falls among the patients(Bradley.edu, how-nursing-leadership-styles-can-impact-patient-outcomes-and-organizational-performance/). Reducing incidence of falls and improved patient safety can be achieved through adoption of better leadership styles. Therefore, in conclusion, it is important to understand the impact of leadership style on increasing patient safety in health care facilities. Nursing managers may adopt different styles of leadership. This paper analyses the transformational, transactional and the Laissez faire styles of leadership. While the Laissez faire style of leadership has been found to be less preferred due to a rather adhoc approach at solving problems. There is no element of quality control because solutions are sought only after a problem has occurred. The transactional style of leaderships is based on the reward and punishment of the nurses and the manager keeps an eye on the outcomes of the work performance of all the nurses. The transformational style of leadership is more preferred because the leader motivates and inspires and the nursing staff is keen to improve patient outcomes. In a study a workshop preceded by a program for fall prevention, the nurses were given clear goals and they succeeded in r educing the rate of falls. So, transformational style of leadership has been found to be more effective in improving patient safety.

The Main Aspects of Buddhism

Three jewels namely: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are the three main aspects of Buddhism. Dharma is a name that is used to define the teachings of the leader called Buddha while Sangha describes the entire community of Buddhism.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Main Aspects of Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The religion is however, not universal as compared to the others. This is because it varies from country to country and from one sect to another. To try to unify it, the monks and nuns still follow the teachings that existed during the ancient times. It is a sin to lie, still, kill, and engage in sexual acts and to take intoxicants for the nuns and monks. An exception is given only for some of the nuns and monks from Japan and Korea who are allowed to marry and have families of their own.1 The rest should follow the latter. If the sins are committed, the monks and nuns risked expulsion which w as a very embarrassing moment for them. This was ensured through taking of oaths and going through training sessions and seminars regularly to remind them on what they are expected to do. Religious activities are carried out by the monks and the nuns as well as giving service to the community without bias.2 Buddhism is one of the most dominant religions in the world. Today, the religion is diverse compared to the way it was some few years ago. It has been adopted as a culture and a political basis in some counties of the world. It is taking new forms in ceratin countries especially because of the way certain governments are trying to eliminate it. It is also vital to note that the Ancient Buddhists’ pictures and carvings have been stored in museums and myriads of stories written about them, how they started and progressed till this date.Advertising Looking for book review on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Templates have also been developed to explain how and why this religion came into existence. When relatives die, there are rituals that are carried out in harmony to mourn the loss. In order to ensure that its existence is not eliminated from the face of the earth, some universities and institutions of higher learning have adopted it as part of the curriculum. Students are taught about the religion so as to keep it alive. There are quite a number of rituals that are always followed such as ringing the bell in Japan on the eve of every New Year.3 The people take it both as a religious and a cultural practice. Some of the rituals, beliefs and acts conflict with the expectations of the government. For instance, this religion was abolished ling ago in China for the same reason. All the temples that were used for worshiping were brought down, nuns and monks demanded to follow a secular life failure to which they would find themselves in trouble. The government assimilated Tibet. T his eventually made Dalai Lama to vacate the country. Several other countries including Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand are working hard to recover the religion. Since they followed the Buddhism religion, the monks and nuns were killed and others taken to prison. On separate occasions, the Tibet people, monks and nuns have always protested with the aim of bringing back the religion to its feet. The religion is still prominent in Asia and it is treated as a culture not a religion.4 Bibliography Garfield Johnston. â€Å"Buddhism and Modernity.† Smith College, Melbourne. Web.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Main Aspects of Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Julia Hardy. â€Å"Religion Library.† Buddhism. Web. Sahn, Seung. On Kong-an Practice in Only Don’t Know: Selected Teaching Letters of Zen Master Seung Sahn London: Shambhala Publications, 1999. Footnotes 1 Hardy J ulia, â€Å"Religion Library,† Buddhism. 2 Seung Sahn, On Kong-an Practice† in Only Don’t Know: Selected Teaching Letters of Zen Master Seung Sahn. (Boston London: Shambhala Publications, 1999), 145. 3 Ibid 146 4 Johnston Garfield, â€Å"Buddhism and Modernity.† Smith College, Melbourne. This book review on The Main Aspects of Buddhism was written and submitted by user Johnny Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Domestic Drugstore essay

buy custom Domestic Drugstore essay Walgreens Pharmacy is a domestic drugstore in the United States that has withstood numerous challenges to be where it is today. This paper will identify these strategies in addition to outlining the impact of economic trends, such as recession on Walgreens Pharmacy. Other areas that will be researched include the role played by human resource department towards attainment of company goals. Consequently, recommendations will be given on other strategic tactics that could be advantageous to Walgreens towards achievement of its objectives. Walgreens Pharmacy as a leading drugstore has adapted several strategic measures that have enabled it to sustain its business activities amid the ever changing global markets. Strategic Changes at Walgreens Pharmacy Over the years, Walgreens Pharmacy Walgreens Pharmacy was run by family members who had been mentored by their predecessors. However, since 1995, when Kevin Walgreen was made Vice President of the firm, there has been no other Walgreen holding a top position at Walgreens Pharmacy. This move was made after the massive loss of stock, when Charles Walgreen Jr was the then chief executive officer. Consequently, over the years, the chief executives have been hired from other places, so that competence and thorough knowledge of the industry have been paramount to make one eligible for the position (Bacon, 2004). Similarly, Walgreens Pharmacy adapted the best practices culture, where constant mentoring of junior employees is undertaken persistently by seniors or those in top positions. This is the reason behind the current success of the firm as newly employed senior employees under the tutelage of their supervisors have been availed with adequate hands-on-skills regarding Walgreens Pharmacy activities. This strategic initiative has enhanced service delivery as well as allowed Walgreens Pharmacy to achieve its objectives as incoming leaders have to meet the high targets set by their predecessors (Bacon, 2004). Consequently, having all of Walgreens Pharmacy an activity being managed by a single headquarters is a strategy that has brought about uniformity in service delivery. This is in line with the managerial aspect of specialization, as each unit specializes in areas that are relevant to customers in the area. For instance, Walgreens Pharmacy units in town centers are housed together with snack restaurants, so as to satisfy two consumer needs at a go. This strategy also paves way for underperforming units to be boosted by the most productive ones hence minimizing any occurrence of a drugstore collapsing (Bacon, 2004). The other strategic initiative at Walgreens Pharmacy regarding operational activities is concerned with location of its drugstores in the country. As was noted earlier on in the strengths of Walgreens Pharmacy, location of a business enterprise is vital towards attainment of objectives. Based on this, the corner stores are a favorite for a huge number of customers in the vicinity. This is because of increased accessibility in addition to close proximity to the workplace hence a customer does not have to spend a lot of time tracking down the store (Bacon, 2004). Similarly, based on trial and success, Walgreens Pharmacy discovered that combining pharmaceutics and other fast moving consumer goods, would do more good towards boosting the sales of drugs. For instance, partnering with some fast food firms so as to sell snacks and drugs under the same roof was strategic, as most drugs require the patient to eat first. This was consumers could take their medication in the store while at the same time get time to rest before moving on hence providing adequate facilities to enhance consumer well being. Another operational strategy is based on the Walgreens wellness program that entails educating the public as well as customers on the essence of being well so as to reduce consumption of drugs being in the same roof as grocery stores. These grocery stores often stock organic edibles, so that consumers are given advice on healthy living, which entails consumption of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables to cut down on diet related ailments. This was a strategy that has enabled Walgreens Pharmacy to obtain a competitive advantage over its rivals who apparently never saw that opportunity (Bacon, 2004). Impact of Recent Economic Trends on Walgreens Pharmacy The most recent economic trend in the United States is increased unemployment that has seen many readwinners being jobless hence meeting the cost of medication that has had a major toll on them. This has also hit Walgreens Pharmacy and it had to work on its prices, so as to cater for the retrenched as well as the low income earners. A larger population of the unemployed is the young who would benefit from the Walgreens wellness programs yet they cannot afford it. Therefore, most of the present customers at Walgreens Pharmacy are the elderly and those in midlife who are educated hence able to earn reasonable incomes that can enable them access healthcare services (Krugman, 2009). The recent economic trends are characterized by high levels of inflation and economic recessions, which have resulted in introduction of numerous generic drugs that are sold off cheaply. Generic drugs are as effective as the original ones hence making them a favorite alternative for customers especially due to the lower cost. Walgreens Pharmacy could introduce low costing drugs or offer them at subsidized prices to customers so as to discourage them from choosing the cheaper generics. Walgreens Pharmacy has laid out strategies to prevent the negative impacts of recent economic trends from ruining its operations. One such strategy is through introduction of comprehensive services at subsidized costs so that customers can access drugs, healthcare and health education all from Walgreens Pharmacy (Krugman, 2009). This is important as it reduces the costs of seeing healthcare facilities from various firms, when one requires their help. Similarly, increased fuel prices have impacted Walgreens Pharmacy negatively as it used to rely on electricity for most of its major manufacturing activities. This had to change, as the firm is working towards making use of solar energy made available by the firm hence cutting down on operational costs. By using solar energy to run its operations, Walgreens Pharmacy is not only cutting down costs, but also utilizing environmental friendly energy sources, which are non-polluting. Consequently, the use of biofuels could also act as a way of evading the economic recessions, as biofuels are cheaper to produce and the raw materials are readily available (Bacon, 2004). However, amid the negative effects of recent economic trends on Walgreens Pharmacy, there are a number of positive impacts as well, for instance, with globalization, the urge to spend among consumers increased. Consequently, today more people are wiling to spend than early in the century, when fear of inflation made people hang on to whatever minimal finances they had. Similarly, international clients are on the rise, as they have an opportunity to purchase Walgreens Pharmacy products online cheaply than in their own countries, thus boosting business for the firm (Krugman, 2009). Walgreens Pharmacy could adapt strategies, such as utilizing their online shop as a platform to increase online sales, especially to countries that are less faced by recession. Similarly, venturing into the global market could be an opportunity to beat recession as the rate of inflation is varied between countries, as some are better cushioned to handle the predicament. Furthermore online trading is cheaper in terms of operational costs as well as being more efficient in delivery of services (Bacon, 2004). The other positive impact of the recent economic trends is that most of the Walgreens Pharmacy rivals have succumbed to the negative impacts hence withdrawn from business. Consequently, their customers have moved on to Walgreens Pharmacy hence increased the market share of the firm. This move has resulted into Walgreens Pharmacy developing more custom made drugs that are of high quality so as to retain all the customers who are loyal to its products (Hollensen, 2011). Tactics by Walgreens Pharmacy to Achieve its Objectives Walgreens Pharmacy has been able to sustain its high performance over the years due to its ability to seize opportunities and utilize their rivals weaknesses to move their business operations to the next level (Krugman, 2009). One such opportunity is concerned with negative controversies among opponents, which were paramount towards building its own reputation, therefore wining over more clients who were seeking a non-controversial pharmacy. Other tactics that have been used to Walgreens Pharmacy advantage include building a stable local market first before venturing into the global market. Such strategies enable a firm to have a solid foundation, which can fully support the local ddrugstores hence reducing any chance of collapse. Consequently, the ability of Walgreens Pharmacy to identify threats on its way and work towards using them as opportunities to forge forwards has been critical in attainment of its objectives. This is because Walgreens Pharmacy has not had any recurrent risky undertakings over the years as the majority of its investments have successfully sailed through (Krugman, 2009). Another vital lesson learnt from Walgreens Pharmacy, which has been used as a strategy is abiding to the governments policies and guidelines. This way, the corporate image of the company is positively portrayed, while customers develop a sense of belonging to the firm. Trust and loyalty of products is attained this way as customers always want to be associated with successful firms that are operating legally under the given jurisdiction. Similarly, customer satisfaction and efficient delivery of services has been used as a strategy towards attaining the short and long term objectives of Walgreens Pharmacy (Hollensen, 2011). The Role of Human Resources Management towards Attainment of Walgreens Pharmacy Objectives The human resources department is vital in any organization, as the activities of this department can boost failure or success of the entire firm. For instance, it is in the human resources department that new employees are hired and trained to deliver services to clients so that only competent candidates are hired. Over the recent years, top personnel at Walgreens Pharmacy have been hired solely on grounds of familiarity and knowledge of the pharmaceutical industry. This could be one of the reasons as to why Walgreens Pharmacy has consistently posted positive growth, as the human resources department ensures that only the right people are in the right places (Seymour, 2003). The other role played by the human resources department towards attainment of Walgreens Pharmacy objectives is in ensuring that employees are adequately motivated and aware of their responsibilities. Motivated staff and energetic as well as eager to deliver services efficiently hence customers are satisfied by the time they complete their transactions. Motivation can either be attained through appreciation or creating a favorable working atmosphere, which positively contributes towards productivity of the employees go a long way towards enhancing employee retention. Similarly, research has shown that employee retention is directly responsible for attainment or failure to attain the set objectives by the firm (Seymour, 2003). The human resources department is also responsible for rewarding exemplar performances by their employees, which is one way of motivating employees. Consequently, a low staff turnover creates a positive impression among customers, as they can create personal relationships with individual employees who will be in constant touch. This increases customer loyalty as the longer an employee works for Walgreens Pharmacy, the more referrals they are likely to get owing to social marketing from existing clients (Hollensen, 2011). Based on the above in depth business analysis of Walgreens Pharmacy, I would most probably invest in the firm as it portrays a future that is brighter than the past. This is a company that is inclined towards succeeding regardless of prevailing conditions thus making it a profitable venture to invest in. Walgreens Pharmacy has been able to adapt to changes in the economy as well as challenges resulting from recession and increased manpower issues. However, the ability of Walgreens Pharmacy to attain its objectives is attributed to embracing strategies that have made it gain competitive advantage over its rivals. It is significant to note, that most of the strategies are identified by use of the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis. The greatest strength, however, lies in management and employee competence, which has played major roles towards ensuring that Walgreens Pharmacy customers acquire high quality services efficiently. In conclusion, Walgreens Pharmacy has been able to retain its market position amid challenges, because its financial health has been blooming as its rivals dwindle in financial problems. The finances of any given firm are critical in determining their ability to meet targets and objectives as all of them require financial investments. The bu siness analysis of Walgreens Pharmacy portrays a profitable and solid firm, whose future is assured so that any potential investor should not think twice about owning part of this drugstore. Buy custom Domestic Drugstore essay

Personl Wealth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personl Wealth - Essay Example > Creating personal wealth is not necessarily a complex process if one establishes the primary objectives like future personal commitments and desired retirement benefits. Thereafter, it is important to identify suitable financial vehicles that align current and future market factors with the expected outcomes besides evaluating the risk accompanying each investment opportunity. I feel that the easiest way to generate personal wealth that can take care of my retirement needs would be to invest a percentage (say 5%-10%) of my monthly salary in an reputed and long-running pension fund that has a good track record of performance. Otherwise, it is also useful to invest a part of monthly income in long-term certificates of deposit (CDs) that offer a stable return during the investment period. Direct investment in low-risk bonds or equity markets is also possible although this would demand extensive knowledge of the relevant markets. The option of investing in real estate must also be cons idered. Investing in this sector is relatively simple, straightforward and perhaps most practical n terms of building some personal wealth. While real estate markets do have their own inherent risks (like the recent housing market crash due to the financial crisis in the United States), (include author) argues that the market has the best capability to appreciate over the years and yield good returns over the years. As mentioned earlier, investing personal savings in the financial markets is more risky and requires active involvement of the investor through trading, purchasing options to hedge the risk etc., which require knowledge and experience to generate results besides resulting in further expenditures (broker commissions, minimum margins etc.). The best way to invest in these markets is to obtain the services of a brokerage firm that has a good history of providing positive, stable and cost-effective returns to its customers. Project Resources 1. Bold (2009). The Bold Truth Ab out Investing: Ten Commandments for Building Personal Wealth. New York: Ten Speed Press. Mutual Funds expert, Adam Bold, discusses a ten step approach to personal finance that help both experienced and novice investors understand the financial markets and take effective stock of their investments. This book is focused primarily on investing in mutual funds. 2. Hallman (2009). Private Wealth Management: The Complete Reference for the Personal Financial Planner. Chicago: McGraw Hill. This book discusses various strategies and techniques associated with personal finance that deal with some of the latest challenges facing investors. Chapters on cash flow analysis, interest accumulation, common & alternative investments and asset protection plan shed simple but important insights into some of the areas the beginner investors must understand in order to realize profitable returns. 3. Horan (2008). Private Wealth: Wealth Management in Practice. Chicago: John Wiley. Developed by the CFA ins titute, this book provides latest information on asset allocation, taxation, lifecycle modeling and investment management for small investors. This book considers various human parameters that allow investors to devise customized investment plans and strategies. 4. Reuvid (2006). Handbook of personal wealth management. New York: Kogan Page. This book targets high net-worth individuals who seek to maximize returns from their wealth and advises them about personal and commercial investment products. Besides discussing many such

Huge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx Term Paper

Huge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx - Term Paper Example The men arrested in this particular operation would be booked for various charges, including those related to other offenses linked to their primary operation of narcotics processing and distribution. But two of the main charges against them would be Criminal Possession of Controlled Substances and Criminal Sale of Controlled Substances, as per the New York Penal Law. Depending on pertinent facts of individual cases, the punishments of these crimes vary from a simple fine to imprisonment for a duration extending to more than a decade.But in this particular case, as the arrested men are a part of a well-organized criminal gang, there is a very small possibility of the eventual punishment being on the milder side. As a matter of fact, it would not be an exaggeration in maintaining that the accused, in all probability, would be handed over a severe sentence. It needs to be conceded that the final punishment in the case would rely on various vital factors such as other facts of the case and the defense, to cite a few. Before focusing on the aspect of the defense, an understanding needs to be obtained about the two Latin Terms –Actus Reus and Mens Rea. This is of utmost relevance for thoroughly appreciating the likely possibilities of this particular case. Actus Reus, which means a â€Å"guilty act†, refers to the actual act that is punishable by the Criminal Law. On the other hand, Mens Rea, whose meaning is guilty mind, refers to the actual intention in the mind of the person, while committing that act.

Meaning of Political Theory

Meaning of Political Theory Political theory is a subdivision of the study of politics. It is a contested expression in that political theorists have failed to reach a consensus on an all-encompassing definition as any such definition is bound to alienate someone. Theorists have tried to bring some exactness to the contested concepts so that one can provide convincing arguments for the particular social arrangements aimed. However, John Plamenatz defined political theory as the systematic thinking about the purposes of government (Farrelly, 2004). The expression Political Theory is composed of two words, ‘Politics’ and ‘Theory’. Politics literally means the study of politics and it is about conflict of interest and its resolution which occurs at every level of the society. Theory is anything from a plan to a piece of abstract knowledge. In academic discourse, however, a theory is an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon phenomena (Heywood, 2004). This paper therefore seeks to discuss what political theory is. The role of political theory is to analyze the political concepts, understand and criticize them through the use of the four tools: concepts, models, theories and paradigms. Concept is a general idea about something usually expressed in a single word or short phrase that draws out meaning from an otherwise infinitely complex reality, for example; equality, presidency, political party, power, social class, rights, law, etc. (Heywood, 2004). It helps to make sense of the world by serving as a tool for thinking, criticizing, arguing, explaining and analyzing political developments and to classify objects by recognizing that they have similar forms or properties, hence concepts serve as building blocks of human knowledge. Model is a representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables, for example; systems analysis, public choice, game theory, etc. Models are built around a number of concepts to apt ly resemble the original object without necessarily becoming its copy. A Theory is an explanation and prediction of relationships among specific variables, for example; pluralism, elitism, functionalism, etc. It is usually used interchangeably with model and may be explained by a series of models. A theory attempts to present a full explanation and prediction of future events while a model attempts to accurately reflect reality. Paradigm is an intellectual framework comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. It consists of a set of principles that structure the process of intellectual inquiry, for example; liberalism, Marxism, feminism, etc. According to Heywood (2004), political theory was broadly defined to include normative theory and systematic theory. Normative theory contains the history of political ideas and the continuous generation of new ideas about what society ought to be. It is concerned with ethical or normative questions, such as why should I obey the state, how should rewards be distributed and what should be the limits of individual liberty. This traditional approach is primarily interested in examining how thinkers developed and justified their views, and the intellectual context in which they worked. Systematic theory includes the explanation and understanding of the existing society and enables one to make projections for the possible future transformations. Given this difference in the definition of political theory, it is not easy to reach a compromise on the definition. Political theory involves analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been central to political thought unlike Political Ph ilosophy which is concerned with the critical evaluation of political beliefs, paying attention to both inductive and deductive forms of reasoning and to clarify and refine the concepts employed in political discourse. It has attempted to understand better the behavior of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyists and bureaucrats, and has spawned rational choice, public choice and social choice schools of thought (Heywood, 2004). Hoffman and Graham, in their book, Introduction to Political Theory, explain that political theory takes account of activity that focuses on the states that are formed by political parties through elections to govern a country. In everyday life, we are guided by notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, so that everything we do is informed by concepts, just like politicians. Humans in general cannot work without ideas as it is a defining property of human activity that we can only act when we have ideas in our head as to what we should do (Hoffman et al., 2009). The objective of political theory is also to train citizens to think rationally about political questions and assess correctly the political events of their time. Human beings are unique in two respects: they possess reason and the ability to reflect on their actions. They communicate with each other in the language they know. Unlike other species, they can express their innermost thoughts and desires; they can share their ideas and discuss what they consider to be good and desirable. Political theory has its roots in these twin aspects of the human self. It analyzes certain basic questions such as how the society should be organized, why government is needed, what is the best form of government, what does the state owe its citizens and what do we owe each other as citizens (www.politics.as.nyu.edu). It examines questions of this kind and systematically deals with the origins, meanings and significance of political ideas that we are familiar with such as freedom, equality, democracy, citizenship, justice, development, nationalism, secularism, etc. It clarifies the existing definitions of these concepts by focusing on some major political thinkers of the past and present. It also examines the extent to which freedom or equality are actually present in the institutions that we participate in everyday such as schools, shops, buses, trains, government offices, etc. It looks at whether existing definitions are adequate and how existing institutions of government and policy practices must be modified to become more democratic in a systematic manner. It probes the significance of principles such as rule of law, separation of powers, judicial review, etc. This is done by examining the arguments advanced by different thinkers in defense of these concepts. Besides examining arguments, political theorists also reflect upon the current political experiences and point out trends and possibilities for the future. When we begin a debate or argument on any topic, we usually as k what does it mean and how does it matter (www.politics.as.nyu.edu). Conclusion Political theory means theorizing politics. It encourages people to examine their ideas and feelings about political things. It exposes them to systematic thinking on justice or equality so that they can polish their opinions and argue in an informed manner and for the sake of common interests. It analyzes and explains political ideas and concepts rather than advance any particular beliefs or interpretations like what political philosophy does. In this context, political theory will mean an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that seeks to explain matters about politics. Bibliography Farrelly, C. (2003), An Introduction to Contemporary Political Theory, A Reader: Sage Publications Ltd, London. Heywood, A. (2004), Political Theory: An Introduction, 3rd Edition: Palgrave MacMillan, New York. Hoffman, J. and Graham, P. (2009), Introduction to Political Theory, 2nd Edition: Pearson Education Limited. (www.politics.as.nyu.edu), Chapter 1; Political Theory: An Introduction.pdf 1 Meaning of Political Theory Meaning of Political Theory The term Political Theory is composed of two words ‘Politics’ and ‘Theory’. Politics means the study of politics whereby theory is anything from a plan to a piece of abstract knowledge. In academic discourse, however, a theory is an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon phenomena. Political theory involves analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been central to political thought (Heywood, 2004). This paper seeks to discuss the meaning of political theory. Political Philosophy Political Philosophy is concerned with how the world ought to be rather than with how we see it now. In short this area of study is defined based on what is experienced rather than on theory. What political goals, is it reasonable and correct to follow? The meanig of this is to be leally employed to pursue such reasonable and main purpose. In short these are the impotant questions Political Philosophy tries to answer. Political philosophers have discussed them from antiquity to recent times, that is why the sound knowledge of the history of political thought isindispensable for political theorists. (Druwe ulrich) Political theory is concerned with ethical or normative questions, such as ‘Why should I obey the state?’, ‘How rewards should be distributed?’ and ‘What should be the limits of individual liberty?’ This traditional approach is primarily interested in examining views by great thinkers, justify them and find out their sources and the intellectual context in which they worked. Political theory has attempted to understand better the behavior of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyists and bureaucrats, and has spawned ‘rational choice,’ ‘public choice’ and ‘social choice’ schools of thought. Heywood, 2004 Political theory examines questions of this kind and systematically clarifies the meaning of concepts such as freedom, equality, democracy, secularism and justice. It explains the meanings and significance of these and other related concepts. It clarifies the existing definitions of these concepts by focusing on some major political thinkers of the past and present. It also examines the extent to which freedom or equality are actually present in the institutions that we participate in everyday such as schools, shops, buses or trains or government offices. It looks at whether existing definitions are adequate and how existing institutions (government, bureaucracy) and policy practices must be modified to become more democratic in a systematic manner. Political theory probes the significance of principles such as rule of law, separation of powers, judicial review, etc. This is done by examining the arguments advanced by different thinkers in defense of these concepts. Besides examining arguments, political theorists also reflect upon the current political experiences and point out trends and possibilities for the future. The role of Political theory is to analyze the political concepts, understand them and criticize them through the use of the four tools: concepts, models, theories and paradigms. Concept is a general idea or mental construct in which an attempt is made to draw out meaning from an otherwise infinitely complex reality, for example; equality, presidency, political party, etc. It helps to make sense of the world by serving as a tool through which political developments are explained, analyzed, disapproved, and classifying of objects by recognizing that they have similar forms or properties. For example we must attempt to understand the political parties in Malawi since the colonial period to date. What we have seen, heard and experienced has acted as a building block for our knowledge Dr. E B Muluzi introduced starter pack fertilizer to famers but hunger still continued but Prof. Bingu Wa Muthalika analyzed what was in the past and introduced fertilizer subsidy, it worked and it put Malawi on the world map as a food self-sufficient. Therefore Concepts serve as building blocks of human knowledge. Model is an analytical tool through which meaning can be imposed upon a massive disorganized collection of facts , simplification of reality and merely a device for drawing out understanding but not reliable knowledge in themselves ,following and explaining Easton’s systems model we see that people mean people who form political parties and their parties in estimate figures then inputs are manifestos which are made to convince voters to elect them into government and the gate keepers are mechanisms put in place to protect the government of the day like law enforcers. The government is the political party that has been elected into power by the people. Outputs are the developments that are unfold from their manifestos in order to fulfill their promises they made during campaign period. A model can also be defined as a representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables. Models are built around a number of concepts to aptly resemble the original object without necessarily becoming its copy. Theory is a reliable explanation, comprehensive, consistent and systematic prediction of relationships among specific variables. It is usually used interchangeably with model and may be explained by a series of models. A theory attempts to present a full explanation and prediction of future events while a model attempts to accurately reflect reality. The objective of political theory is to train citizens to think rationally about political questions and assess correctly the political events of our time. Human beings are unique in two respects: they possess reason and the ability to reflect on their activities. In addition to that they also have the ability to use language and communicate with each other. Unlike other species, they can express their innermost thoughts and desires; they can share their ideas and discuss what they consider to be good and desirable. Political theory has its roots in these twin aspects of the human self. It analyzes certain basic questions such as how the society should be governed. Is the government needed? What form of government is best for us? Is our freedom limited by the law? What social contract is there between the state and its citizens? What about citizen to citizen? Paradigm is an intellectual framework comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. It consists of a set of principles that structure the process of intellectual inquiry. Conclusion Political theory helps us in critical thinking, evaluation and understanding of ideas. As a human being we are able to enlarge our knowledge because it is through the study of political theory where we get building blocks of our knowledge. It also helps us to understand and evaluate manifestos of political parties in order to make informed decision and make a good choice during any election, in addition to that politicians are able to make decisions for their parties so that they can be voted into power in any election and they can be able to make a good government. Political theory’s objective is to analyze and explain political ideas and concepts rather than advance any particular beliefs or interpretations like what political philosophy does. In this context, political theory will mean an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that seeks to explain matters in politics. In all political theory involves the analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been cent ral to political thought (Heywood 2004). Bibliography Heywood, A.(2004) Political Ideologies: An introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Heywood, A.(2004) Political Theory: An Introduction. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Druwe Ulrich (1995)politische 2nd ed Neuried https: ioenline. Microsoft.com./# ieslice.